God gave the first six commandments to Adam and Eve, the first people on Earth.
After the Worldwide Flood, God made a covenant with Noah and all the creatures living on Earth. At that time, these commandments were given a second time – to Noah; at the same time, a seventh commandment was added, and since then these commandments are also called the Noah Code. The covenant with God does not depend on how much people follow these seven commandments. Rather, in the Noah Code, the essence and ultimate goal of the renewed world are formulated, in which this covenant will become an open and constant expression of God's love to His creations. God promised all living creatures that He will never again wipe out all life on earth, as it is written in Genesis 9:11 – "There will be no more flood to destroy the earth."
In the Rainbow Covenant there is more profound content: God promised that He will always accept sincere repentance from a person if he turns to God.
From that moment on, G-d endowed humanity with the ability to ask for His forgiveness and receive it, thereby providing man who chooses goodness with the opportunity to overcome his animal and egocentric tendencies.
And yet, the Seven Laws received by Noah could later be challenged by some charismatic individual claiming prophetic powers. How then would one know which path to take? This is precisely why God's revelation to the Jewish people on Mount Sinai, fifty days after He led them out of Egyptian slavery, is particularly significant. There, at Mount Sinai, God revealed Himself to an entire nation, numbering at least three million, and made them witnesses who would tell their children and the entire world what they had seen and heard. No one, in any generation, would be able to seriously question the prophecy and instructions Moses received, known as the Torah. The Seven Laws of Noah are also included in the Torah, thus preserved for future generations of humanity.
The entire book of Genesis, as well as the book of Exodus—including the account of the Jewish people's arrival at Mount Sinai—were dictated by God to Moses upon their arrival at Sinai. Then, the first covenant was established between God and the children of Israel, concerning the first part of the Written Torah, including the Seven Laws of Noah. Thus, the Universal Divine Moral Code was renewed after it had been forgotten by other nations. This occurred just four days before the Ten Commandments were openly spoken by God to all the children of Israel, at which point they became the Jewish people.
There, on Mount Sinai, God taught the people through Moses the fundamentals of the laws of the Torah, known as the Oral Torah. This includes the details of the Divine command to observe the Seven Noahide Laws, given to all nations. These details, formulated by God to Moses, form the true foundation of the Universal Noahide Code. A righteous non-Jew is granted a share in the World to Come, in the Messianic Era, by fulfilling these precepts. This is precisely the portion of non-Jews in the Mosaic Torah, which is the "Tree of Life" (Proverbs 3:18). And all of this begins with the recognition of the absolute unity of the Creator.
You can find more information about the Seven Laws and their importance on the website.
Source: asknoah.org
Translation: Reuven Kuravsky
